MERCER,
HUGH, brigadier-general in the American Revolutionary army,
was born in Scotland in 1721. Having studied medicine, he acted
as a surgeon’s assistant in the memorable battle of Culloden,
but on which side he served is not mentioned. Not long after he
emigrated to Pennsylvania, but removed to Virginia, where he
settled and married. He was engaged with Washington in the
Indian wars of 1755 and following years, and for his good
conduct in an expedition against an Indian settlement, conducted
by Colonel Armstrong, in September 1756, he was presented with a
medal by the corporation of the city of Philadelphia. In one of
the engagements with the Indians he was wounded in the right
wrist, and being separated from his party, on the approach of
some hostile Indians, he took refuge in the hollow trunk of a
large tree, where he remained till they disappeared. He then
pursued his course through a trackless wild of about one hundred
miles, until he reached Fort Cumberland, subsisting by the way
on the body of a rattlesnake which he met and killed. When the
war broke out between the colonists and the mother country, he
relinquished an extensive medical practice, and immediately
joined the standard of Independence. Under Washington he soon
reached the rank of brigadier-general, and particularly
distinguished himself in the battles of Trenton and Princeton,
in the winter of 1776-7. In the latter engagement he commanded
the van of the American army, and after exerting the utmost
valour and activity, had his horse killed under him. Being thus
dismounted, he was surrounded by some British soldiers, with
whom, on being refused quarter, he fought desperately, until he
was completely overpowered, and after being severely wounded,
was left for dead on the field of battle. He died about a week
after in the arms of Major George Lewis, the nephew of General
Washington, whom his uncle had commissioned to attend him.
Another American officer, General Wilkinson, in his ‘Memoirs,’
observes, “In General Mercer we lost, at Princeton, a chief who,
for education, talents, disposition, integrity, and patriotism,
was second to no man but the commander-in-chief, and was
qualified to fill the highest trusts in the country.”
MERCER, JAMES, the friend of Beattie, and himself a poet
of some consideration, was born at Aberdeen, February 17, 1734,
and received his education at the grammar school and Marischal
college of that city. He was the eldest of two sons of Thomas
Mercer, a gentleman of fortune in Aberdeenshire, who, in 1745,
took arms for the Pretender, and for his share in the rebellion
was obliged to retire to France. At the commencement of the
Seven Years’ war, James Mercer, who had resided with his father
for several years in Paris, came to England, and joined the
expedition against Cherbourg as a volunteer. He afterwards
proceeded to Germany, and in a short time was promoted to an
ensigncy in one of the English regiments serving with the allied
army. He subsequently received a lieutenant’s commission in a
battalion of Highlanders, then newly raised by
Lieutenant-colonel Campbell. During several years arduous
service in the field, he distinguished himself by his bravery
and skill, and at the battle of Minden in 1759, his regiment was
one of the six whose gallantry on that occasion saved the
reputation of the allied arms.
Shortly before
the peace of 1763, General Graeme, a relation of Mr. Mercer,
presented him with a company in a regiment which he had
undertaken to raise, and which was afterwards called the
Queen’s. On his return to Britain he took up his residence at
Aberdeen, where he enjoyed the society of Dr. Beattie, Dr. Reid,
Dr. Campbell, and other eminent men, and where, in the summer of
1763, he married a daughter of Mr. Douglas of Fechil, the sister
of Lord Glenbervie. The “Queen’s,” with other new corps, being
reduced at the peace, Captain Mercer purchased a company in the
49th regiment, and removed with it to Ireland, where he served
for nearly ten years. The majority of his regiment becoming
vacant, he succeeded to it by purchase. In 1772 he concluded a
treaty with the lieutenant-colonel for becoming his successor;
but the commission being given to another, induced him to sell
out of the army, when he retired with his family to a small
cottage in the vicinity of Aberdeen. In 1776-7 the duke of
Gordon raised a regiment of Fencibles, the majority of which he
conferred on Mercer, who held it during the American war. On the
return of peace, the major again settled with his family in the
neighbourhood of Aberdeen, where he died November 18, 1803. In
1797 a small volume of his ‘Lyric Poems’ was published
anonymously. A second edition, with seven new pieces, appeared
early in 1804 with his name. To a third edition an account of
his life was prefixed, by Lord Glenbervie. Major Mercer was not
only an elegant and accomplished scholar, but possessed much
original genius as a poet, conjoined with a high feeling of
refined modesty, which led him to conceal, even from his
intimate friends, the poems which he wrote for his own
amusement. There are some interesting notices of him in Sir
William Forbes’ Life of “Dr. Beattie.
His daughter,
Miss Mercer of Aldie, in Perthshire, an ancient barony at one
time possessed by the Mercers of Meiklour, in the same county,
became the wife of Admiral Lord Viscount Keith, and the mother
of Baroness Keith, Countess Flahaut.
See also an
additional page on Mercer
and also...
The Mercers of Innerpeffray
and Inchbreakie
From 1400 to 1513 by Robert Scott Fittis (1877) (pdf)