The personal history of
these men is almost entirely unknown; and probably few incidents in
their humble progress through life would be found worthy of recording.
The elder of the two, David Gilchrist, was a worthy enough person in his
way; and he is still remembered by some of the sable fraternity of
Edinburgh. He lived in the College Wynd, and died about thirty years
ago.
At a remote period, there was only one individual, of
the name of Hamilton—resident in the West Port—who devoted his attention
solely to the sweeping of chimneys. He kept a number of men and boys in
his employment; but the city, notwithstanding, was very indifferently
supplied. In order to remedy this state of things—as well as to avoid
the barbarous system of "climbing boys"—twelve men, previously porters,
were appointed chimney-sweepers for the city, with an annual allowance
of one guinea, and. certain other perquisites. They were called "Tron-men,"
from the circumstance of their being stationed at the Trone, or
public beam for weighing, which formerly stood in front of the Trou
Church. The Trone appears to have been used as a pillory for the
punishment of crime. In NichoVs Diary for 1649, it is stated that
"much falset and cheitting was dailie deteckit at this time by the Lords
of Sessioune; for the whilk there was dailie hanging, skurging,
nailing of lugs [ears], and binding of people to the Trone,
and boring of tongues; so that it was one fatal year for false notaries
and witnesses, as dailie experience did witness." The iveigh-liouse,
which stood at the head of the West Bow, built probably about the
beginning of the seventeenth century, as a substitute for the Trone,
was removed in 1822, on the King's visit to Scotland, in order to
make way for the Royal procession to the Castle.
A small wooden apartment was subsequently erected for
them at the east end of the City Guard-House, in which to deposit their
apparatus; and where the men themselves were daily in waiting, ready to
supply, in rotation, the demands of their customers. In case of fire
occurring, the duty of keeping watch at night in the Guard-House
devolved on one of their number alternately.
In the Print, the dress and apparatus of the "City
Tron-men" are accurately described. They wore flat bonnets—a coat
peculiarly formed—and knee-breeches and buckles—with a short apron. A
ladder—a besom—with a coil of ropes and a ball, completed their
equipment. Besides enjoying a species of monopoly within the city, they
formed themselves into a Society, the entry money to which was five
pounds, and the quarterly dues 3s. 6d. This high rate was no doubt
suggested from exclusive motives. As the city increased, many new
sweepers had commenced on their own account in the suburbs, and not a
few had been admitted to participate in the privileges of the Tron-men ;
although the annual allowance of a guinea continued to be limited to the
original number; and, as a distinguishing mark, none but the twelve were
permited to wear the broad bonnet.
The Society of Tron-men, like most other exclusive
bodies, were not without entertaining a due estimate of their own
importance and respectability. As an instance, one of the members—Robert
Hunter— was expelled the Society, and virtually banished to Leith for
the space of five years, for having brought dishonour on the fraternity,
by assisting the authorities at the execution of Captain Ogilvie—the
paramour of the celebrated Catharine Nairne—on the 13th November, 1765.
After his condemnation, every exertion was made by
the friends of the Captain to procure a reversal of the sentence, by an
appeal to the House of Lords. The competency of such a proceeding had
not then been finally settled; and, with the view of giving time for
considering the question, four successive reprieves were obtained for
the prisoner— the first three for fourteen days, and the last for seven.
He was then warned to prepare for death, an appeal from the High Court
of Justiciary having been deemed irregular by the officers of the Crown.
Finding all other means of escape impossible, the Captain's friends
contrived to bribe the finisher of the law ; in the fallacious belief
that if the rope failed he could not legally be thrown off a second
time. Accordingly, on the day of execution, no sooner had the culprit
been turned off than "the noose of the rope slipped, and he fell to the
ground." The Captain was immediately laid hold of; but he resisted with
great vigour. By the "assistance of the city servants," he was again
dragged up the ladder and despatched. As one of the " city servants,"
Hunter had rendered essential aid, for which, as affirmed, he received a
reward of five pounds; and his conduct having been greatly censured by
his brethren of the Tron, he was expelled the Society in the manner
already described. This is not the only instance in which the Tron-men
were associated with the common executioner in the performance of his
duty. In 1746, when the standards belonging to the army of Prince
Charles were publicly burned at the Cross, by order of the Duke of
Cumberland, they were carried in procession from the Castle by the
hangman and thirteen chimney-sweepers. The standards were
destroyed one by one, a herald proclaiming to whom they respectively
belonged. Hunter died about the year 1813.
"When the City Guard-House was demolished in 1785,
the Tron-men, along with the Guard, were accommodated in the Old
Assembly Rooms-—a part of the premises being appropriated for their use,
to which they-entered from Bell's Wynd. Owing to the great increase of
the city, and sundry other causes, the chimney-sweepers began to feel
the attendance exacted from them irksome and disadvantageous. In order
to rid themselves of the grievance, they went to law with the
Magistrates in 1808, and again in 1810; but in both instances they were
defeated. In 1811, however, determined to be no longer held in bondage,
they sold the property of the Society—made a division of the
proceeds—and broke up the union. The city being then provided with an
efficient fire establishment, and deeming it useless to contend with
them, the Magistrates tacitly sanctioned the dispersion of the Tron-men,
by refraining from all attempts to compel their attendance. |