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In this Appendix is given a list, arranged in
chronological order, of the various books, papers, and memoirs published by
Sir William Fairbairn.
The list is complete so far as the editor has
been able to ascertain; but it is quite possible that, considering the large
mass of his writings, and the great variety of societies and publications to
which he communicated them, some few may have escaped attention.
The more important writings in the list have
been noticed in the biography, and reference is given, in each item, to the
place where the notice will be found. In other cases a few words of
explanation are appended.
1831.
' Remarks on Canal Navigation, illustrative of
the advantages of the use of Steam as a Moving Power on Canals.' 8vo. pp.
93. With five plates. London: Longmans & Co. See Chap. IX., p. 135.
1836.
' Reservoirs on the River Bann, in the county of
Down, Ireland, for more effectually supplying the Mills with
Water.' (Report) Tract, 4to. pp. 23. With large map. Manchester: Robinson.
See Chap. X., p. 158.
1837.
' An Experimental Enquiry into the Strength and
other Properties of Cast Iron from various parts of the United Kingdom,' pp.
103.
Kead March 7, 1837, before the Literary and
Philosophical Society of Manchester, and published in their ' Transactions,'
vol. vi. 1842.
See Chap. X., p. 161.
' On the Strength and other Properties of Cast
Iron obtained from the Hot and Cold Blast,' pp. 39.
Report presented September 1837 to the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, and printed in their ' General
Report,' vol. vi. 1837.
See Chap. X., p. 102.
1840.
' An Experimental Enquiry into the Strength and
other Properties of Anthracite Cast Iron,' being a continuation of a series
of experiments on British irons from various parts of the United Kingdom,
Read November 1840 before the Literary and
Philosophical Society of Manchester, aud published in their ' Memoirs, vol.
vi. 1842.
See Chap. XII., p. 180.
' On the Economy of raising "Water from Coal
Mines on the Cornish Principle,' pp. 15. With two plates.
Transactions of the Manchester Geological
Society, vol. i. 8vo. London : Simpkiu & Marshall. 1841.
See Chap. XII.! p. 180.
1843.
1 Description of a Woollen Factory erected in
Turkey.'
Min. I'roc. Inst. C.E. vol. iii. 1843, p. 125.
See Chap. XL, p. 173.
1844.
' Experimental Researches into the Properties of
the Iron Ores of Samakoff in Turkey,' &c. &c., pp. 20.
Min. I'roc. Instit. C.E. vol. iii. p. 225.
See Chap; XI., p. 173.
' On the Consumption of Fuel and the Prevention
of Smoke,' pp. 20.
Report of the 14th Meeting of the British
Association, September 1844, p. 100.
See Chap. XII., p. 183.
' Report of William Fairbairn, Esq., C.E., on
the Construction of Fireproof Buildings,' with introductory remarks by
Samuel Holme.
Also ' Report of Mr. W. Fairbairn and Mr. D.
Bellhouse, on the cause of the Falling of Messrs. Radcliffe's Mill at
Oldham.'
Tract, 8vo. pp. 39. Liverpool : Thomas Baines,
Castle Street. 1844. See Chap. XII., p. 185.
1847.
'On some Defects in the Principle and
Construction of Fireproof Buildings,' pp. 25. With a plate.
Min. Proc. Inst. C.E. vol. vii. p. 213.
See Chap. XII., p. 186.
Evidence and Documents on the subject of Iron
Structures.
Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire
into the application of Iron to Railway Structures. Presented to Parliament
1849.
See Chap. XII., p. 188.
1849.
' An Account of the Construction of the
Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges, w ith a complete history of their
progress,' &e. Large 8vo. pp. 291. With several plates. London: Weale &
Longman. 1849.
See Chap. XIII., p. 197.
' On the Expansive Action of Steam, and a new
Construction of Expansion Valves for Condensing Steam Engines.'
Civil Engineers and Architects' Journal, vol.
xii. p. 315.
Dingler's Polyteclinische Journale, vol. cxv. p.
1.
See Chap. XVIII., p. 319.
' On Water-wheels with Ventilated Buckets.'
Min. Proc. Inst, C.E. vol. viii. p. 45.
See Chap. XII., p. 188.
1850.
' An Experimental Enquiry into the Strength of
Wrought Iron Plates and their Riveted Joints, as applied to Shipbuilding and
vessels exposed to severe strain.'
Phil. Trans. 1850, p. (577.
See Chap. XXII., p. 402.
' On Tubular Girder Bridges.*
Min. Proc. Inst. C.E. vol. ix. p. 233.
See Chap. XXII., p. 401.
' An Experimental Enquiry into the Relative
Power of the Locomotive Engine, and the Resistance of Railway Gradients.'
Read before the Literary and Philosophical
Society of Manchester, February 5, 1850, and published in vol. ix. of their
' Memoirs.'
This paper consists of a record of several
series of experiments with locomotive engines on steep inclines on the
Lancashire and Yorkshire and the East Lancashire railways, to determine the
possibility of working such inclines with locomotive engines instead of by
fixed engines.
It is not clear what share Mr. Fairbairn had in
these trials ; but he reasoned upon them, and gave his opinion that 'the
locomotive engine of the present day is more than commensurate for the
attainment of these objects,' an opinion which has been amply borne out by
subsequent experience, as of late years locomotive power has been used
successfully for inclines much steeper than those contemplated in the above
paper.
' On the Security and Limit of Strength of
Tubular Bridges constructed of Wrought Tron.' Read April 2, 1850, before the
same Society, and published also in their vol. ix.
This was for the most part a reproduction of the
paper presented to the Institution of Civil Engineers about the same time.
1851.
'Two Lectures on the Construction of Boilers,
and on Boiler Explosions; with the Means of Prevention.' Delivered before
the Leeds Mechanics' Institution April 23 and 24, 1851.
Tract, 8vo. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.;
Weale. 1851.
(Also in Journal of the Franklin Institute,
1851.)
See Chap. XVI., p. 263.
1852.
' On Metallic Constructions.' Civ. Eng. and
Arch. Journal, vol. xv. p. 145. Franklin Inst. Jour. vol. xxiv.
A paper containing matter for the most part
published elsewhere.
'On a new Tubular Boiler' (Brit. Assoc.) C.E.
and Arch. Jour. vol. xv. p. 330.
This was a description of a proposed
modification of his original double flued boiler, but it involved some
internal complexity, and did not come into general use.
'On the Minie Kifle' (Brit. Assoc.) C.E. and
Arch. Jour. vol. xv. p. 331.
A description of the arm, then a novelty
exciting much interest in this country.
1853.
'Experimental Researches to determine the
Strength of Locomotive Boilers, and the Causes which lead to Explosion.'
Reports of the British Association. Hull
Meeting, 1853.
See Chap. XVI., p. 264.
'On the Mechanical Properties of Metals as
derived from repeated Meltings, exhibiting the .Maximum Point of Strength
and the Causes of Deterioration.'
Ibid.
See Chap. XXII., p. 405.
' On the Progress of Mechanical Science.'
Address delivered by the President of the Mechanical Section on the opening
of the business. Ibid.
See Chap. XXI., p. 369.
' Experiments on the Strength of Oast Iron
Smelted with Purified Coke.'
Min. Inst. C.E. vol. xii. p. 360.
This related to a proposed mode of purifying
coke from sulphur by chemical means, and Mr. Fairbairn's experiments showed
that the process improved the quality of the iron ; but it has not come into
use.
' On a new Description of Winding Engine.'
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers,
1853.
This was an account of an engine erected by
Messrs. Fairbairn ami Sons at a colliery at Dukinfield near Manchester, 700
yards deep. The peculiarity of the engine was its large size, 400 to 450
horse power, and the fact that it had been modelled on the direct acting
principle, similar to the marine engines which the same firm had put in Her
Majesty's frigates, the ' Vnlture,' ' Odin ' and ' Dragon.' The paper was
accompanied by drawings of the engines.
f . * On the Retardation and Stoppage of Railway
Trains.'
Ibid.
The object of this was chiefly to describe the
continuous self-acting brake, invented shortly before by Mr. James Newall,
of Foury, and which has since come largely into use both in England and
abroad. The experiments quoted in the paper showed that a train weighing 88
tons, when running at 48 miles an hour down an incline of 1 in 40, could be
stopped by this break in 371 yards; when running on a level at 33 miles an
hour it could be stopped in 100 yards.
1854.
' Description of an Improved Steam Travelling
Crane.'
Read before the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, July
1854, and published in their 'Proceedings.'
This was an apparatus constructed for the
purpose of lifting heavy weights and moving them about, chiefly applied to
large stones during building operations. The hoisting machine was made to
traverse a scaffold erected overhead, having motion both in the longitudinal
and transverse directions ; the novelty in this machine was that both the
hoisting and the locomotion were effected by the power of a small steam
engine attached to the machinery, and which moved about along with it; this
application of power effecting a considerable saving both of labour and
time.
' Description of the Sliding Caisson at Keyham
Dockyard.'
Min. Proc. Inst. C.E. vol. xiii. p. 444.
See Chap. XVIII., p. 320.
' On the Application of Cast and Wrought Iron to
Building Purposes.' London: Weale. 1856. Large 8vo. pp. 183, with plates.
Second edition, with additions. Weale, 1857. Third edition. Longmans, 1864.
See Chap. XXII., p. 406.
1855.
' Description of a New Construction of Pumping
Engine.'
Proceedings of the Inst, of Mechanical
Engineers, 1855, p. 177.
This was merely a description of a pumping
engine erected by Messrs. Fairbairn at Dukinfield Colliery.
'Provisional Beport of Committee of the British
Association on the Properties of Metals used for Artillery.'
Brit. Assoc. Rep. vol. xxiv. p. 100.
This was the beginning of an enquiry that was
not continued.
1856.
' On the Tensile Strength of Wrought Iron at
various Temperatures.'
Brit. Assoc. Rep. vol. xxv. p. 405.
He had before investigated the same subject for
cast iron, and the Association had made him a grant for continuing the
investigation. This paper was the result. It gave details of a large number
of experiments on wrought-iron, and it appeared that in a range from 0° to
500c or 600° Fahr. no perceptible variation in strength was caused by the
alteration of temperature.
' Useful Information for Engineers.' Being a
series of lectures, &c. London: Longmans. 1856. Large 8vo. Hates. Followed
by other editions.
See Chap. XXII., p. 409.
1857.
f On Tubular Wrought Iron Cranes;' with
description of the 60-ton tubular crane recently erected at Keyhain
Dockyard, Devonport.
Proceedings of the Inst. Mechan. Eng., 1857, pp.
87 to 96. With four plates.
See Chap. XVIII., p. 321.
I On the Comparative Value of various kinds of
Stone as exhibited bv their Powers of resisting Compression.'
Read before the.Literary and Philosophical
Society of Manchester April 1, 1856, and published in their ' Transactions,'
second series, vol. xiv. pp. 31-47.
This paper described a great number of
experiments made in crushing small cubes of various kinds of stone, and a
comparison of these with other materials, such as iron and timber. Drawings
of the fractures were also given.
1857.
Note on the ' Life of James Watt.'
In Biographies of Distinguished Scientific Men.
By Francois Arago. London: Longmans. 1857.
See Chap. XXI., p. 378.
1858.
1 Experiments to determine the Strength of some
Allovs of Nickel and Iron, similar in Composition to Meteoric Iron.'
Read before the Manchester Philosophical Society
March 9, 1858. Published in their ' Transactions,' vol. xv. pp. 104-112. It
had been supposed that such a mixture would be stronger and tougher than the
simple iron, but these experiments proved the contrary,
' On the Comparative Temperature of the Climate
of England and some parts of Italy.'
Ibid. pp. 45-48.
See Chap. XXI., p. 380.
' On the Resistance of Tubes to Collapse.'
Read before the Royal Society A lay 20, 1858.
Phil. Trans., 1858, pp. 389 to 413." With two
plates.
See Chap. XVI., p. 270.
The same abbreviated.
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1857, pp. 215-219.
1 On the Collapse of Glass Globes and
Cylinders.'
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1858, pp. 174-176.
See Chap. XVI., p. 273.
' The Patent Laws.' Report of Committee.
Presented by W. Fairbairn.
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1858, pp. 164-167.
A summary of the effect of recent patent
legislation.
' On Shipping Statistics,' Report of Committee.
(W. Fairbairn, chairman.;
Hep. Brit. Assoc., 1858, pp. 239-260.
Having a view to the improvement of the
character of statistical records, particularly as regards the definition of
tonnage.
' Description of a Floating Steam Corn Mill and
Bakery .'
' Proc. Inst. Mechanical Engineers,'1858, pp.
155-158. Two plates.
See Chap. XVIII., p. 330.
F' Notice of some Experimental Apparatus for
determining the density of Steam at all Temperatures.'
Contributed by Mr. Fairbairn to the Manchester
Literary and Philosophical Society on November 16,1858, and published in
their ' Transactions.' This consisted of a brief sketch of the apparatus
with which he, in conjunction with Mr. Tate, was performing the
investigation afterwards laid before the Koval Society.
' An Experimental Enquiry into the effect of
Severe Pressure upon the Properties of Gunpowder.'
Read before the same society March 22, 1859.
Published in their ' Proceeilings.'
The Government had, during the late war,
requested him to subject some samples of gunpowder to severe pressure, in
order to ascertain the effect of close contact between the particles on its
explosive properties; and the effects are stated.
' Experiments to determine the effects of
different Modes of Treatment on Cast Iron for the Manufacture of Camion.'
Read before the same society May 3, 1859, and
published in their ' Proceedings.'
This is an account of pome experiments with
certain peculiar modes of casting which were applied to some guns made by
him and tried at Woolwich in 1855.
1859.
'Report of Committee on the Patent Laws.'
Presented by W. Fairbairn.
Rep. Jirit. Assoc. 1859, p. 191.
' Experimental Researches to determine the
Density of Steam at various Temperatures.' By Wm. Fairbairn aud Thomas Tate.
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1859, p. 233.
See Chap. XVI., p. 273.
'Three Lectures on the Rise and Progress of
Civil and Mechanical Engineering, and on Fopular Education.' (Two delivered
at Derby and one at Blackburn.) Derby: W. & W. Pike. 1859.
' On the Resistance of Glass Globes and CyUnders
to Collapse from External Pressure, and on the Tensile and Compressive
Strength of various kinds of Glass.' By W. Fairliairn and Thomas Tate.
Phil. Trans. 1859, pp. 213 to 247.
See Chap. XVI., p. 273.
1859-60.
' On the Efficiency of various kinds of Railway
Brakes.'
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1859, p. 76.
Also a more extended paper on the same subject
in Min. Inst. C.E, vol. xix. pp. 490 to 517.
See Chap. XXII.. p. 411.
'Experimental Researches to determine the
Density of Steam at different Temperatures, and to determine the Law of
Expansion of superheated Steam.' By Witt. Fairbnirn and Thomas Tate. Phil.
Trans. I860, pp. 185 to 222. With three plates.
See Chap. XVI., p. 273.
' Useful Information for Engineers.' Second
Series. London: Longmans. 1860. 8vo. pp. 330. Plates.
See Chap. XXII.. p. 412.
' The Strength of Iron Ships.'
Transactions of the Institution of Naval
Architects. Vol. i. 1860, pp. 71-81. Two plates.
See Chap. XXII., p. 411.
1860-61.
' Experiments to determine the effect of
Vibratory Action and long-continued Changes of Load upon Wrought-iron
Girders.'
Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1860, pp. 45-48 ; Ditto 1861,
pp. 286-9.
See Chap. XXII., p. 413.
1861.
' Iron : its History, Properties, and Processes
of Manufacture.' (Reprinted from the eighth edition of the ' Encyclopaedia
Britannica.') Edinburgh: Black. 1861. 8vo. pp. 236. Third edition 1869.
See Chap. XXII., p. 408.
' On the Mechanical Properties of Iron Armour
Plates.'
Report of the Iron Armour Committee, 1861 (not
published).
See Chap. XX., p. 359.
' Treatise on Mills and Millwork. Part I. On the
Principle of Mechanism and on Prime Movers.' London: Longmans. 1861. 8vo.pp.
280. Plates.
See Chap. XXII., p. 414.
'Opening Address at the Meeting of the British
Association at Manchester.'
Report for the year.
See Chap. XXI., p. 386.
' Remarks oil the Temperature of the Earth's
Crust, as exhibited in the Duiintield Deep Aline.'
Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1861, p. 53-56. One plate.
This mine was sunk above 700 yards deep, and
careful observations were made of the temperatures of the strata at various
points in the descent. It increased from at 358 yards to 75° at 717 yards,
and the experiments appeared to confirm the previous impression that the
temperature increased directly as the depth.
' On the Permeability of various kinds of
Insulation for Submarine Telegraph Cables.' Report of Joint Committee on the
Construction of Submarine Telegraph Cables, 1861. Appendix No. 5.
See Chap. XXI., p. 382.
' On the Resistance of Iron Plates to Statical
Pressure, and the Force of Impact by Projectiles at High Velocities.'
Brit. Assoc. Reports, 1861, pp. 280-286. 1862,
pp. 178-181.
See Chap. XX.
1862.
' On the Resistance of different kinds of Shot.'
' (In the Properties of Iron Armour Plates.'
Report of the Iron Annour Committee, 1862 (not
published).
See Chap. XX., p. 408.
' Address at the Opening of the Section of
Mechanical Science, British Association.'
Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1862, pp. 178-182.
See Chap. XXI., p. 394.
' On the Properties of Iron and its Resistance
to Projectiles at High Velocities.'
Lecture at the Royal Institution, May 9, 1862.
Proc, vol. h i pp. 491-502.
See Chap. XX.
1863.
' Treatise on Mills and Millwork. Part II. On
Machinery of Transmission and the Construction and Management of Mills.'
liondon; Longmans. 1863. 8vo. pp. 284. Plates.
See Chap. XXII., p. 414.
' On the Reconstruction of the Dinting and
Mottram Viaducts.'
Min. of Proc. Inst. C. 8., May 24, 1869.
See Chap. XVIII., p. 331.
' Four Papers on the Properties of Iron Armour
Plates, and of Projectiles.'
Report of the Iron Armour Committee, 18C3. (Not
published.)
See Chap. XX., p. 408.
' Experiments to determine the effect of Impact,
Vibratory Action, and long-continued Changes of Load on Wrought-iron
Girders.'
Phil. Trans. 1864, pp. 311-325. Two plates.
See Chap. XXII., p. 414.
1864.
' Three Papers on the Properties of Iron Armour
Plates.'
Report of the Iron Armour Committee, 1864. (Not
pub-ished.)
See Chap. XX., p. 408.
1864-5.
' On the Atlantic Cable.'
Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1864, and 1865.
See Chap. XXI.
1865.
' Treatise on Iron Shipbuilding, its history and
progress; as comprised in a series of experimental researches on the laws of
strain; the strengths, forms and other conditions of the material, and an
enquiry into the present and prospective state of the navy, including the
experimental results on the resisting powers of armour plates and shot at
high velocities.' 8vo. Plates and cuts. London: Longmans. 1865.
See Chap. XXII., p. 416.
1866.
' Description of the Removing and Replacing of
the Iron Columns in a Cotton Mill.'
Head before the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers August 1, 1866, and published in their 'Transactions' for the
year, pp. 181-185. Three plates.
In consequence of the improvements in mule
spinning it became necessary to widen the old mills, and to effect this in
the case described a number of iron columns in a fire-proof building
carrying iron and brick floors of a weight of 90 tons had to be removed
while 300 persons were at work in the mill. The paper gives a description,
with plates, explaining how this was successfully done.
' Useful Information for Engineers.' Third
series. London: Longmans.
See Chap. XXII., p. 416.
1869.
' An Experimental Enquiry into the Strength,
Elasticity, Ductility, and other Properties of Steel manufactured by the
Harrow Heematite Steel Company.' London: Spottiswoode, 1869. 8vo, pp. 51.
One plate.
' On the Law of Resistance of Armour Plates.'
Transactions of the Institution of Naval
Architects, 1869.
See Chap. XX.
' The Rise and Progress of Manufactures and
Commerce, and of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, in Lancashire and
Cheshire.' Forming part of Barnes's ' Lancashire and Cheshire, Past and
Present.' London : Mackenzie.
See Chap. XXII., p. 416.
1870.
'On Governmental Boiler Inspection.' A letter to
John Hick, Esq., M.P. (Tract.)
Manchester Guardian Office. 1870.
See Chap. XVI., p. 278.
1871.
' On Steam Boiler Legislation.'
Quarterly Journal of Science, April 1871, pp.
214-227.
See Chap. XVI., p. 278.
1873.
* On the Durability and Preservation of Iron
Ships, and on Riveted Joints.'
Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. xxi. pp.
259-263. See Chap. XXII., p. 418. |
