Native characteristics — Pioneer work — Riverside Villages —
The harvest of the flood—The cousins—Bad blood—A murderous blow—My arrival
on the scene—We must find the body—The boat—The river in flood —Swept away
by the torrent—Shooting the rapids—Straining every nerve to avoid the main
stream—One spot of refuge amid the raging waters—The deserted cattle
camp—The floating island—Teeming with fugitive life—Unexpected flotsam—A
babe in strange company—The mangy tiger—Rescue—Return to factory.
I t will
surely be pretty evident by now,
that in these wild outlying districts, life presents many tragic features,
and with all the savage elements of paganism that exist, there is no lack of
sensation. The difficulty indeed is to present pictures of frontier life in
such guise as not to excite the incredulity of the ordinary stay-at-home
reader.
Many stories of the hunting-field I have purposely abstained
from telling, knowing that they would be received with derisive unbelief.
Tragedies of "horrid cruelty" and of the most- melodramatic character are of
daily occurrence in the village life of the East—at all events, in such a
wild district as that in which I lived for some years.
Opportunity is almost daily given to the administrator of the
affairs of a large indigo concern, demanding the most decisive and prompt
action, and calling into play every atom of reserve strength of character
with which he may be endowed.
Indeed, a weak man is of no use as an indigo planter.
There are no keener observers of character than the astute,
calculating, scheming denizens of a frontier village, whose native wits are
polished to preternatural brightness in the atmosphere of constant intrigue
with which they are always surrounded.
They are ever on the alert to defeat some cunning plan
concocted against themselves or their neighbours by some inimical agency,
and they are constantly cudgelling and racking their brains to devise some
dodge to be put into effect against the factory or neighbouring landholder,
or some hereditary or caste enemy over whom they wish to take some unfair
advantage.
Doubtless there are exceptions.
Happily there are many large districts where the usual
farming avocations of the peasantry are pursued as peacefully and honestly
as in the Lothians or in Devonshire; but it must be remembered that for many
years Lutchmeepore factory, which was now under my management, had been
almost entirely neglected. It had been under the management of natives.
Rents had fallen into arrears, village cultivation had been given up, the
whole population had become disaffected; and when I first went there, a
small standing army had been kept, of between two and three hundred fighting
men, who regularly harried the country, and were a perpetual source of
annoyance to the more peacefully
disposed villagers, and were, in fact, a regular horde of human locusts
doing no good either to the factory or to themselves.
I need not repeat the story here which I have already told,
of how patiently I strove to bring back a better state of things.
My work as a pioneer planter "on the Nepaul frontier" I have
already spoken of, but it is only proper that I should again impress the
mind of the reader with a knowledge of this state of things, else he might
accuse me of trying to fill up sensational records, when as a matter of fact
I am only extracting from my diary the points of greatest interest which
seem to me to illustrate some of the wilder phases of "Tent Life in
Tigerland."
One morning, during the rains in 1874, a man came running
into the factory to tell me that a foul murder had been committed in the
small village of Khoohec, near the
Ghat, and
asking me to hurry down to make an inquiry. Accordingly, getting on the
elephant, I started for the scene.
It appeared that most of the villagers had turned out, as was
their custom in nearly all these riverside villages during floods, to save
the wreckage which was being brought down by the flood waters from the
villages higher up.
In these great Koosee dyarns or
riverine plains, of course firewood is very scarce, but during the floods
enormous epiantities of drift wood come floating down stream, sometimes
valuable logs of cedar or Sal, or
other hard woods, that have been cut in the Terai during
the dry weather, and have been lying on the banks of the creeks there until
the annual rains would till the channels and allow the rafts to be floated
down.
The hardier riverside villagers then look upon these floods
as quite a favourable harvest time for them. and sometimes they actually
secure boats which have broken adrift, occasionally floating granaries full
of grain, and other flotsam.
As the Koosee is a most Arctic stream, hot weather causes the
snows to melt in the distant highlands, and the volume of water thereby set
free comes down with a sudden impetuous rush, and being swollen by the heavy
rains which at this season flood the Terax, the
river sometimes completely overtops its banks, and rushes tumultuously
through cultivated lands, making fresh channels for itseslf sweeping away
whole villages, devastating whole tracts of country and even sometimes
cutting away big factories, and thus in many of the poorer villages a class
of hardy semi-savage men exist, not unlike the wreckers of our own wild
coast in former times, and it was to such a village that I was now making my
way.
Two men, named respectively Ragoober and Kunchun, both of the Mandal caste,
had got into a dispute over a log of wood which had come down the river, and
which they had both seized simultaneously.
They happened to be cousins, but were not any the better
friends on that account.
R agoober
was a great big powerful fellow, had often been to the factory, and was
rather a favourite of mine; as, although a bluff, outspoken rather
rough-and-ready fellow, I had always found him fairly honest, and ever ready
to give me assistance in any of my hunting expeditions. In fact, he had
often brought me news of "tiger," and I was exceedingly sorry now to hear
that in the struggle which had taken place between the two men for the
possession of the flotsam log, Kunchun, according to the testimony of
several witnesses, had struck Ragoober over the head with a jagged piece of
wood, both men being up to their middle in the water at the time, and then
pushing the end of the log against Ragoober's chest, the poor fellow had
missed his footing, had fallen back into the turbid stream, and in a moment
had disappeared in its rapid flood.
Of course an outcry was at once raised.
The village Chowkedhar had
rushed up to the factory to tell me, and Kunchun had retired to his own
house, where several of his relations were watching over his safety, and a
crowd of the village friends of Ragoober were waiting outside, ready either
to cut him down if they could get hold of him, or hand him over to myself or
to the police, whichever might make their appearance first.
I was met, as usual, with the customary voluble outburst of
excited comment and narration; each one trying to give his version of the
story first, and out of the Babel of conflicting sounds, I arrived at a
pretty correct understanding of the facts.
Every narrator was unanimous in stating that Kunchun had
struck the fatal blow, that poor Ragoober's head had been split open; and
several witnesses testified that they had seen the poor fellow, with blood
streaming from a wound in his head, throw up his arms and fall hack into the
swift swollen torrent that was rushing rapidly past.
It immediately struck me that the man might only have been
stunned, and as I knew him to be a powerful swimmer, in that event I knew
there was a possible chance of his escaping, as he might have been swept
into some eddy and then have contrived to crawl ashore; and wishful to
divert, the attention of the missing man's friends and relatives from the
object of their revengeful fury, I suggested this phase of the matter, and I
was rather glad to find that they took it up at once.
Several of the young men immediately rushed off to secure a
boat, which was moored to the tall bamboo pole which marked the ford in
ordinary times, but which was now deep in water reaching nearly up to the
men's necks.
The boat was one of the usual flat-bottom high-stemmed river
craft, possibly capable of carrying twenty or thirty tons of produce, and
having a little thatched hut-like cabin in the middle.
They brought the boat down to where my elephant was standing,
and I got in, accompanied by half-a-dozen lusty fellows, and pushing off
with our long bamboos, we were soon fully out in the swift stream. Keeping a
careful watch as we went along, we commenced to make a search for the body
of poor Ragoober, scarcely daring to hope that we would ever see him alive
again, but still knowing it to be important for the purpose of
investigation, that the body, dead or alive, should be found.
Well! we did not get
the body of poor Ragoober. He was never seen again.
Doubtless he made a meal for some grim alligator, or possibly
the jackals by the river's brink may have had an unholy feast off his poor
carcase. But in searching for the dead, we succoured the living. A most
strange and romantic adventure befell us.
We succeeded in saving one innocent life, that but for
Kunchun's murderous blow must have perished by an awful fate. But you shall
hear. I had never seen the Koosee in such a flood. Great rolling undulations
of water—yellow turbid billows— were hurrying madly down towards the mighty
Ganges.
For leagues on either side, the yellow flood sped swiftly
past.
Far away, almost on the verge of the horizon, little
indistinct specks betokened the locality of some tall mango grove, or bamboo
clump, or village, perched high above the level of the plain, but for miles
and miles between, a tremendous volume of tortured and distracted water,
swished and swilled, and rushed madly down to the far distant plains; there
to mingle with the kindred waters of "Gunga's sacred stream." Our lumbering
boat, albeit specially constructed for such river navigation, was swept
along, as might have been an infant in a giant's grasp.
We had instantly lost all control over our own motion, and
the men could only, by putting out their long heavy bamboo poles on each
side, endeavour to keep our unwieldy craft stem on to the course of the
river.
Sometimes we spinned round and round like a teetotum. Anon we
plunged, and rocked and wildly swayed as the fierce current tossed us hither
and thither.
Had we come upon a snag, which was not at all an unlikely
thing, we would have been drowned to a dead certainty.
N ever
in all my life did I feel how absolutely impotent and helpless in the
presence of the fierce uncontrolled forces of nature. My men, although
accustomed to the river, born on its banks and acquainted with its every
mood, were, I could see, terribly frightened, and I am ashamed to confess
that I bitterly repented having set foot in the boat, and wished myself well
out of the adventure.
Down we went—round we spinned—rocking, rolling, heaving,
rushing at headlong pace. Past the factory like an arrow we went—I could see
the smoke from the boiling house loom up like a dark cloud before me for one
minute, and the next it was far behind us. Speedily it faded from our view.
Very soon I could see the tall feathery bamboos, marking the site of my gomastah's village.
Next the roar of the flood waters rushing in mod exodus from
the swollen Dhaus, and leaping up like hungry wolves upon their prey, as
they met the fiercer rush of the swollen Koosee, made us set our teeth and
hold our breath, to meet the impending shock; and we knew that our lives
depended on the result of the next few minutes.
The boat rose and fell on the crest of the tumultuous waves;
dashed down again as some frail shallop might be in the midst of an angry
sea,—and for a few thrilling minutes our lives were not worth the purchase
of an obolus,—and then we glided calmly and softly into a long smooth reach
of water, the eddy or back wash from the Dhaus,—and we breathed easier once
more.
The men strained now their swarthy bodies,—tossing their
black hair back from their wet shoulders—their gleaming eye-balls and set
teeth showing how tense and strung was every nerve, as they strained and
laboured to propel the boat away from the main centre of the rushing river,
to the safer neighbourhood of the hither shore.
But presently we seemed to have got over the shallow bar, and
were again whisked by the impetuous rush of another current, and away once
more we were hurried on our mad career, and now I really began to feel
exceedingly alarmed, as to the ultimate issue of our desperate progress.
The men however assured me that there was not so much danger
now, and I found that they had been in a terrible fright lest we should be
caught and overturned in the ugly "rip" or rapid that had been caused by the
meeting of the Dhaus waters and the main stream.
They told me that now for some ten or twelve miles, as far as
beyond Fusseah, there was likely to be deep water, and though, of course, it
was dangerous in such a flood, it was not nearly so bad as what we had just
passed through.
One of the men, Bouhie Mandal, and his brother, Hunooman, now
grasped the long tiller, and while the others got out their poles and a
couple of sweeps, we tried to make for the long low line of distant bank,
which we could faintly see over the wide expanse of flooded country.
We had nothing to eat in the boat, and in any case now, we
were in for a very unpleasant time of it.
The men struggled and strained, and tried with might and main
to put what distance they could between the heaving raging line of
tumultuous billows, which marked the fierce strength of the mid stream, and
which looked at from our boat suggested to me the figure of the back of some
great yellow serpent.
Here and there the roof of a thatched hut and other debris which
had been swept down by the tremendous current could be seen. The whole
effect was magnificent and awe-inspiring.
A long way ahead we could see the waving tops of a wide low
line of partly submerged jungle grass, swaying as the water rushed through
it, and to this point the men were making the most desperate efforts to
propel the boat.
If we could once get within poling reach of ground, we could
manage to pole ourselves across the long ridge of flooded plain, and get out
at one of the villages of the high land beyond, from whence we could make
our way back to the factory.
And now befell an adventure which I consider one of the most
extraordinary which, in the long course of a not uneventful career in India,
ever occurred to me; but which, as it happened, resulted most happily for
all concerned.
The persistent efforts of our crew had been so far successful
that we were now well out of the main stream, and drifting at a slower rate
although still rapidly, down on the bank of drift-wood, and waving grass
which I have just referred to. As we got nearer, I was able to recognize the
spot as the site of a favourite batan, which
was usually resorted to in the cold weather by a family of gwallas from
northern Tirhoot.
There were seven brothers—well-to-do men, having a pretty
large patrimony near Singhessur—and for many years they had been in the
habit of taking out a grazing lease in my dehat on
the subsidence of the annual rains.
This was a favourite camp of theirs, it being the highest
land in the dehat, for
many miles around, and in the cold weather it was surrounded on all sides by
dense growths of jungle grass; and amid their shady recesses, large numbers
of cattle and buffaloes belonging to the seven brothers were wont to graze.
Of course where the cattle came there also were sure to be tigers, and I had
often got valuable information from these men, and had not infrequently
visited their camp and received their valuable assistance in some of our
hunting expeditions.
To any one who reads between the lines, and looks for a
little more than a mere record of sport in these pages, they cannot but be
struck with the numerous analogies which my journals record, between old
patriarchal life in scriptural times and that which is still the ride in
these remote Eastern localities.
Here we have a perfect counterpart of a scriptural scene— a
picture of the sons of the household leaving the old father and the younger
children at home, while they take the flocks and herds to some distant
locality for change of pasture.
I have myself seen, many a time and oft, some such stripling
carrying news from the old ancestral homestead, to the brethren in the
far-off pastures, as Joseph must have been, or as David, when he visited his
brethren at the time when the giant Philistine was defying the armies of
Israel.
The ordinary routine of everyday life is not much changed in
the East since those old times, and a host of these associations are stirred
up, and historic biblical incidents are illustrated, by what one sees every
day in his usual experiences in these remote frontier tracks.
But a truce to these reflections. You doubtless want to hear
my adventure.
Our boat was now steadily bearing down on the great heaving,
swaying mass of flood
debris, which
had been caught upon the fringe of these small islands; and knowing from
past experience what we might expect, everyone of our party was on the
look-out to see that we might not be boarded by snakes or wild animals,
which were certain here to have taken refuge in greater or fewer numbers,
owing to the suddenness and severity of the flood.
I have landed dozens of times, myself, on these isolated
elevations in the midst of the surging waters during a great flood such as I
am describing, and the seething mass of fugitive life would afford a rich
ground for the investigations of a naturalist.
Here are collected representatives of all the denizens of the
great valley, through which ordinarily the attenuated current of the river
runs, but which in time of flood sweeps everything before it; and so
creeping crawling insects, reptiles, and beasts of all descriptions, get
cast up on some such refuge as this, and there, under the pressure of a
common fear, their natural antipathies and predatory instincts are held in
check; and you may see the snake and the hare, and even the tiger and the
lamb cower together; each seemingly oblivious of the other's presence.
On every stem of every reed that surmounts the tide, great
clusters of ants, and winged and creeping insects of all kinds, swarm
thickly together.
In amongst the brush and drift-wood you may find snakes
innumerable, and so thick is the swarm of life, that you might stock a
museum from the different genera found
on one of these small prominences during flood time.
It was not however to my feelings as a naturalist or as a
sportsman that an appeal was about to be made.
As we got closer to the floating, swaying bank of drifted
wreck, one of the men in the bow called out something in a very excited tone
to one or two of the others, and immediately all hands rushed forward, and
my curiosity being roused I followed them.
R ight
in front of us, on the very extreme point, poised on the mass of jammed up
drift and dead wood—rocking to and fro with every surge of the flood water;
swaying and bending, now on this side and now on that, as the current
preponderated this way or that way; seemingly hesitating and halting, as if
it were a sentient thing, not knowing which channel to make for; now and
then being momentarily submerged 'neath the yellow foam—was a fragile ragged
piece of fiail roof, from some village hut, which had been swept down stream
by the sudden rising of the river ;—and right in the ternce of this, swathed
in voluminous folds of cotton cloth, lay a chubby little infant, with its
fat little arms stretched out to us in mute supplication, and its great
black eyes looking at us with a wistful appealing look; and the poor little
thing, like a second Moses in his ark of bulrushes, seemed to have been
abandoned by God and man; and but for our timely and providential arrival,
must undoubtedly have proved a prey to the raging elements around.
No
other sign of living human being was apparent.
Already the Chupper or
roof on which the babe lay had been invaded by several snakes, desperately
struggling to extricate themselves from the mass of brush-wood and
half-submerged flotsam in which they had become entangled.
Two mangy-looking jackals crouched and cowered and trembled
in one corner of the triangular patch of ground, which stood above the level
of the flood, the earth being blackened and charred with the marks of
numerous fires; and in the far off corner, crouching on his belly, amid
floating leaves and twigs, and the bending stems of the insect-laden reeds,
crouched a lank, mangy, hungry-looking tiger, evidently in deadly fear, with
his lips pale and retracted, showing the very gums to be of a deathly pallid
colour, and the yellow fangs, worn almost to a stump.
And there he crouched, with his baleful, cruel eyes glowering
at us, abject fear struggling in his expression, with the native ferocity
and hatred of human kind, which was only held in check by the desperateness
of his position.
Such was the picture.
The reader can perhaps realize
the whole scene from my description.
It is certainly not an uncommon occurrence for children to be
thus swept away by floods in some such manner, but here are, surely, all the
elements of a first class sensational romance. And yet such events are
happening every day in the remote wilds of an Indian frontier. I need not
weary the reader by piling incident upon incident. I shot the tiger. The
skin was mangy and worthless.
The two poor devils of jackals at the sound of my rifle took
to the water with a most melancholy howl, and were presumably drowned. We
rescued the baby—the poor little thing chuckling and crowing, and little
conscious of the terrible death from which we had rescued it—and I might
give you another chapter, detailing all the efforts that we made to discover
its paternity, but ever without avail. I never knew from what village it had
been taken.
I know not whether some poor mother may not have for weary
years consumed her soul in sadness thinking of the loss of the bonnie bairn
which the angry goddess Koosee
Mai had
selected as a victim.
Possibly the infant may have been the sole survivor of some
little jungle nook, every soul of which may have been swept away by the
sudden rising of the angry waters.
At all events, the child found a loving guardian in the
person of my old Keranie and
his half-caste wife.
And to make a long story short, we got safely to shore, got
back to the factory all right, and I could not help thinking that there was
some sort of poetic justice in our having rescued from the hungry embrace of Koosee
Mai one
young life in return for the strong Pagoober whose blood had dyed the stream
in the morning, and to recover whose body had led us into such a perilous
adventure.
Kunchun, during our absence, had managed to steal away. He
was never brought to justice as far as I know. He compounded with Ragoober's
relatives. Possibly married the widow for all I know to the contrary. At all
events the murder—for such it undoubtedly was—blew over, and I heard no more
about it. |